RBSI: Did you mean to say "turaga" instead of "tugra"?

Horse is not an animal native to India. Thorough breeds were always imported (from only Arabia?). I wonder how were the animals procured for large cavalries. There are no traditional nurseries" except for racing horses of the modern era. In medieval times stables (ashwa shala) are mentioned but no horse breeding. Chanakya's arthshastra talks of horse care but it seems to be worthless.

Correction: The calligraphy is in Farsi/Persian language not Arabic!

My thesis is that the Eurasian Steppes supported horses and herds. This enabled the Germans and Turk-Mongols to provide the cavalry (often, rulers too) to the settled communities further south. Arabia also has some grassland.

Really nice!

this art is getting in dark,rarely any artist found these days.

~Subhaan`ALLAH~

>> Horse is not an animal native to Claws India Horses are also native to India (depends on how far back do you want to go for nativity) There are clear horses on the cave paintings (Bimbeteka et al) Indian horses with different rib cage count have been found as early as during the Sarawasti-Sindhu period (there are some scholarly references on the net as well, a part of the effort of the much derided ASI :-), under B Lal and others) Indian horses however were apparently stockier and less fast as compared to the CAR variety, however had greater endurance and needed lesser investment in terms of food and care. The CAR variety did not take kindly to the Indian weather and perished. Thus while the imported variety was always treasured for its use in shock troops, (speed and height and greater weight) -- the native horses or its derivatives have been used very skillfully by the Rajputs (Mewar/Marwar) and the Marathas, for long range light cavalry with tactics better suited around such.

This horse is a symbolic horse or Imam Husain which also died in battle of Karbala.