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Image Deatails : PALACE OF THE SEVEN STORIES. - BEEJAPORE circa 1860 Steel Engraving - Genuine Antique Print - Over 145 years old (image protection stamp is not on the actual print) Drawn by W PURSER after a Sketch by CAPT. R ELLIOT R.N. ENGRAVER: W FINDEN SIZE: Approximate Image Size: 4 3/4 X 7 inches - Approximate Overall size including margins: 7 x 11 inches PROVENANCE: The antique print originates from the publication, "The Indian Empire and Countries of Afghanistan, Beloochistan, Persia etc." by R. Montgomery MARTIN - From Drawings by Turner, Stanfield, Prout, Captain Elliott, Melville, H. K. Brown, etc. Published by The London Printing & Publishing Company Limited, London and New York CONDITION: Suitable browning from age. Light Water stain mark in the bottom corner marginal area only, not in the picture. Very Good Condition. Blank on Reverse side. Printed on heavier paper. (General info only, not included with the print) Bijapur city is well known for the great architectures of histrorical importance built during the Adil Shahi dynasty. - The city established in the 10th-11th centuries by the Chalukyas of Kalyani was referred as Vijayapura (City of victory). The city came under the influence of the Khilji Sultanate in Delhi by the late 13th century. In 1347, the area was conquered by the Bahmani Sultanate of Gulbarga. By this time, the city was being referred as Vijapur or Bijapur. - Bijapur is rich in historical attractions, mainly related to Islamic architecture. - # Among the other historical attractions at Bijapur, some notable ones are the Anand Mahal, Jod Gumbaz, Jumma Mosque, Sat Manzil, and Jal Manzil. (wikipedia source)- Sat Manzil (Seven-storied palace) is near the Citadel. Sat Manzil or the seven-storeyed tower near the Gagan Mahal is now mostly in ruins. Originally the structure was a watchtower overlooking the bastions, the moat girdling, and the ramparts of the citadel.

Thank you very much for posting these books on historical sites in Bijapur. It was a happy and prosperous kingdom and its destruction by Aurangzeb can not be forgiven. The last King, young in age, was taken and imprisoned in the Fort of Daulatabad. He had done nothing to provoke Aurangzeb.

This picture shows history of Bijapur city. The monument in the picture is 'Sath mazali'. The royal palace of Ibrahim adil sha 2nd. Now government offices are buit and working in this area.

@asad sir, My grand mothers ancesters belonged to bijapur. but some centuries back they settled in managalore. they are still called as turks by the local hindus. they were sufi syeds. though they were sunnis but they had many shia practices among them. I have a feeling they were shias who were persecuted or had to migrate from bijapur and converted to sunnism because of some events. do u have any historical account of this?

The word "Turk" was used by local Indian populations to describe all Muslim invaders - although the earliest Muslim invaders were indeed Turkoman (from Ghaur in Western Afghanistan). Most of the Sufi Syeds came to India from Bukhara and Central Asia as refugees after Mongol incursions in early13th century. They were mostly Sunni Syeds and may have adopted some Shia customs under the influence of Bijapur Kings - who were Shia. (So there is no possibility of them turning into Sunnis from Shias in Bijapur.) Being Shia was the great 'crime' of the Bijapur and Golcunda Kings in the eyes of Aurangzeb who destroyed them to eliminate the 'Rafzi Kingdoms'. There was also independent migration of Muslim nobility from Iran and Iraq directly to South India around the 16th century. There has never been an attempt by the Sunnis to convert Shias, but the Shias have persuasively or forcibly converted Sunnis to Shias. The mass forced conversion of Sunnis in Iran under the Safavids is one such example. Unfortunately, the great intellectual tradition of Sufis and Poets like Omar Khayyam died with that. Aurangzeb's son (Bahadur Shah?) had almost turned into a Shia by persuasion but died shortly afterwards. Finally, the Syeds as a group are a mixed lot that includes both Sunni and Shia traditions and their customs frequently overlap. So, chances are that your ancestors were Sunni Sufis (there are no Shia Sufis - this intellectual tradition was destroyed by the Safavids in Iran). Being Syed, their traditions were mixed between the two groups. This absurd Sunni-Shia schism has done greater harm to Islamic history than any other single event.

Sameer: I just finished reading the first chapter of the interesting book 'Vaqi'at-i mamlakat-i Bijapur' (posted by RBSI) about the first Adil Shahi King Yusuf Adil Shah (died 1510). Although an Ottoman Prince, he was smuggled out of Turkey (to save his life from certain fratricide) and spent time in Iran before becoming the King of Bijapur. In Iran he turned into a shia, and tried to actively propagate this faith in Bijapur. The vast majority of the population in Bijapur was however Sunni and this led to serious trouble. It was only on the advice of neighbor Kings that he slowed down his drive. During this period, many people moved out of Bijapur and your ancestors - the Sunni Syeds - may have been among them. Most Syeds claim to be the descendents of Imam Husain or Imam Hasan; hence many traditions of Sunni and Shia Syeds are common, except for the details and emphasis. In essence, your ancestry might be just the opposite of what you thought ! Regards.

Thanks Asad sir, Your explaination could be one of the theories but as you say that there were no shia sufis then why are adil shah dynasty of bijapur called the sufis of bijapur? and just wanted to add that we still have many persian words in daccani of south canara. my grandparents used to use words like char shabey for wednesday and many other words which are still used. till 30,4o years ago they also had Ashura khana's in our village in mangalore. unfortunately there is no real research and study on the muslims of south karnataka.we have 2 groups of muslims 1) is turks which we belong to and other is called 2) Asadis which mostly live along the coastal mangalore they are supposed to be the descendants of arab settlers as you had also suggested. Thanks again

Sameer: There are no sufis among Shias; the tradition died with the ascent of the Safavids. Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya had sent his best Sufi disciples to South India, and there were Mughals and Iranis already present in Bijapur when Yusuf Adil Shah assumed power. What is interesting is that there were Mughals in his army (~1500) well before Babur invaded India (~1526). There is no reference to "Bijapur Sufis" for the Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur in this book - so far.The court language of the Mughals was Persian although at home they would converse in Turkic. So Persian words were quite common. I recall that my father would refer to our nice Hindu neighbors not as Hindus but as "Ahl-i-Hunood" (meaning 'people of the Indies'). His father was a Sunni Syed, his mother a Shia Syed!